GB
CAS No. 61024, 7440-41-7
Molecular Formula Be
molecular 9.01

steel gray light metal, quality is hard and stretchability; the boiling point of 2970 ° C; melting point 1278 ° C; solubility : not soluble in water, water-soluble and insoluble diluted hydrochloric acid, H2SO4; density : relative density (water = 1) 1.85; Stability : stability; risk Marker 14 (Judaipin ), 35 (flammable solids); the main purposes : aerospace engineering for the structural materials, nuclear reactors, X-ray tube manufacturer, alloy manufacturing

2. The impact on the environment :
a health hazard

pathways : inhaled, ingested.
health hazards : Short-term exposure can cause acute beryllium disease, mainly for acute chemical bronchitis or pneumonia. Often liver swelling, tenderness and even jaundice. Long-term exposure to a small amount of beryllium to be chronic beryllium disease occurred. In addition to weakness, weight loss, loss of appetite, often lightheadedness, chest pain, shortness of breath and coughing. Lung X-ray inspection in three types : type particles, reticulated and nodular type. Advanced can happen right heart failure. Skin lesions are dermatitis, skin ulcers and granuloma.
beryllium compounds can produce systemic poisoning, and more intrusion into the human body through the respiratory tract, the main savings in lung, liver, stomach, bones and lymph nodes and other places, easy savings in the body and remove slow, causing coughing, shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, chest pain and weight loss and other symptoms. Direct contact with beryllium dust or vapor can occur dermatitis and corns ulcers, long-term exposure can cause anemia, leukemia reduce particulate and other symptoms. Beryllium poisoning of (clinical) judgment are : Acute poisoning in the early performance of aches, fatigue, dizziness, headache, sore throat, and can be accompanied by heart palpitations and low heat. Mild and moderate poisoning, chemical pneumonia, shortness of breath and coughing obvious, often blood, accompanied by chest pain, body temperature as high as 39 ° C

two, toxicology information and environmental behavior

acute toxicity : LD₅₀50mg/kg (rat oral); 320mg/kg (percutaneous rabbit); LC₅₀6000mg/m3, 2 hours (inhalation in mice )
irritation : a rabbit eyes : 20mg (24 hours), the severe stimulation. Rabbit Skin : 500mg (24 hours), moderate stimulus.

Beryllium and its compounds on the human body are very toxic, beryllium compounds and beryllium oxide, beryllium fluoride and sulfate of highly toxic beryllium, beryllium industrial pollution sources include smelting, mining, special materials, tools and equipment, the production of wastewater.

Migration : weathering and the formation of sediment process, the experience of beryllium and aluminum similar to that of aluminum and a concentration on clay, aluminum, vanadium, soil, friction and other deep-sea sediment deposition substrate hydrolysis were.

hazardous characteristics : fine powder case of acid reaction and emit hydrogen. Carbon tetrachloride mixed with the case sparks or flash fire can burn. With lithium, phosphorus violent reaction. Small beryllium powder and dust with the air to form explosive mixtures, and the extent of flammable size of the particles, ultrafine beryllium powder when exposed to air prone to spontaneous combustion.
combustion (decomposition) product : the possible harmful toxic fumes.

3. Emergency Monitoring Methods :

4. Laboratory monitoring methods :
monitoring methods source categories
methylene blue spectrophotometry GB16489-1996 water
direct color spectrophotometry GB/T17133-1997
water adsorption-chrome days Ching S spectrophotometry "water and wastewater monitoring and analysis methods (third edition)," Water and Wastewater
wool chromium Cyanine R spectrophotometry ;
AAS "air and emission monitoring and analysis methods," the State Environmental Protection Administration and the provision of air emissions
AAS "Solid Waste Analysis Evaluation Manual," the China Environmental Monitoring terminus translated solid waste k

5. Environmental standards :
China (TJ36-79) Workshop harmful substances in the air that the maximum allowable concentration 0.001mg/m3 [Paper]
Chinese (GB16297-1996) Integrated Air Pollutants â‘?emission standards for maximum allowable emission concentrations :
0.015mg/m3 (Table 1) 0.012mg/m3 (Table 2)
â‘?maximum allowable emission rate (kg / h) : 2
~ 1.3 × 52 × 10-3 10-3 (Table 1); ~ 1.1 × 44 × 10-3 10-3 (Table 2)
3 ~ 2.0 × 79 × 10-3 10-3 (Table 1); ~ 1.7 × 67 × 10-3 10-3 (Table 2)
â‘?unorganized emissions monitoring the concentration limits (mg/m3) : 0.0008 (Table 2); 0. 0010 (Table 1)
the former Soviet Union (1975) in drinking water maximum allowable concentration of organic 0.0002mg / L
China (to be issued), the source of drinking water of harmful substances in the maximum allowable concentration of 0.002 mg / L
China (GB/T14848-93) groundwater quality standards (mg / L) Class I 0.00002; category II 0.0001; Class III 0.0002
; category IV .001; category V 0. more than 001
China (GB8978-1996) sewage discharge standard 0.005 mg / L

6. Emergency treatment and disposal methods :
a leakage contingency

rapid withdrawal from air leakage personnel to a safe area, separate from air leakage, restricted access. Recommended emergency personnel wearing self-Pressurized respirators to wear protective clothing. Do not direct contact with leakage. To avoid dust, carefully So, the transfer of recovery.

approach : Be right by the body of water pollution, adding lime milk and, ~ 9.5-pH8.5, soluble beryllium Health Be (OH) 2 precipitation; PAC can be added to improve the efficiency of precipitation. After the water volume containing beryllium can be lowered to 10 ~ 20 µ g / L, respectively. Further adsorption or ion exchange treatment accessible depth or achieve environmental quality standard. Be right by the use of contaminated soil incineration methods to beryllium into insoluble and chemically inert with beryllium oxide material. The incineration residues in concrete Packaging landfill.

two protective measures

respiratory protection : its possible exposure to dust, exposed workers should wear headgear electric powered air-purifying respirators and dust. When necessary, isolated wear respirators.
eye protection : Respiratory Protection has been protective.
physical protection : Cruise-wear protective clothing 52,400.
hand protection : Wear rubber gloves.
other : work site prohibit smoking, eating and drinking. Work to complete, take a shower. Separate storage of toxic pollution by the clothes, washed standby. Implementation of pre-employment and periodic medical examinations.

three, and emergency measures

contact with the skin : stripped of contaminated clothing, use soap and water thoroughly washed skin.
eye contact : Did eyelid, mobile or saline irrigation water. Medical treatment.
Inhalation : rapidly from the scene to fresh air. To keep the airway patency. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. If breathing stop immediately mouth. Medical treatment. Fresh into
: warm water to drink enough, the symptoms and to seek medical treatment.

fire fighting methods : firefighters must wear a gas mask filter type (full cover), or isolated respirators, wearing fire protective body suits, upwind of the fire. Extinguishant : sand, c
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