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K K symbol, atomic number 19, atomic weight 39.10, nuclear external electron configuration-1s22s22p63s23p64s1, at the fourth cycle FIRST main group, a silver-white metallic sheen of metal, density 0.18g / cm3, flexible, extensible and thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, 63.65 ° C melting point, boiling point of 774 ° C. The first ionization energy for 418.86kJ/mol, electricity negative 0.8 valence +1, lively nature of the chemical in the air with oxygen generated strong reaction K2O and over Potassium K2O2, the combustion flame is purple-generation Potassium Generation K with the hydrogen in the heating conditions of potassium hydride generation KH, potassium and other non-metallic with halogen react violently with water violent reaction, generating hydrogen and potassium hydroxide, combustion, combustion of a purple flame. Potassium with hydrochloric acid and other violent reaction and emit hydrogen, almost explosive levels. Potassium in nature mainly in the chemical form presence of potassium in the Earth's crust for the content seventh in the sea potassium elements percentage for the sixth place. In 1807, British chemist David electrolysis melting potassium hydroxide discovered potassium. Industry has used electrolysis of molten potassium chloride or potassium hydroxide to control potassium, sodium vapor leads to the melting potassium chloride, in the high temperature sodium potassium potassium chloride were from the reduced form of sodium potassium alloy, potassium than sodium low boiling point, the fractionation tower potassium separated.
potassium used in organic synthesis as the reductant. When the tube system used vacuum tubes to absorb potassium within the remaining oxygen and water vapor. Use of potassium to sodium-potassium alloy system, with 77.2% and 22.8% potassium sodium alloy melting point of -16.4 ° C, room temperature for liquid, a higher heat capacity, so we use it to do the reactor coolant.
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